"esperonar" meaning in All languages combined

See esperonar on Wiktionary

Verb [Catalan]

IPA: [əs.pə.ɾuˈna] [Central, Northern], [əs.pə.ɾoˈna] [Balearic], [es.pe.ɾoˈnaɾ] [Valencia], [es.pe.ɾoˈna] [Northwestern] Audio: LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-esperonar.wav (note: Barcelona)
Etymology: From esperó + -ar. Etymology templates: {{ety|ca|:af|esperó|-ar}}, {{af|ca|esperó|-ar}} esperó + -ar Head templates: {{ca-verb|root=ó}} esperonar (first-person singular present esperono, first-person singular preterite esperoní, past participle esperonat); root stress: (Northern) /u/; (Balearic, Central, Northwestern, Valencia) /o/ Inflection templates: {{ca-conj}} Forms: esperonar [canonical], root stress: [canonical], u [canonical], /o/ [canonical], esperono [first-person, present, singular], esperoní [first-person, preterite, singular], esperonat [participle, past], conjugation-1 [table-tags], esperonar [infinitive], esperonant [gerund], esperonat [masculine, participle, past, singular], esperonada [feminine, participle, past, singular], esperonats [masculine, participle, past, plural], esperonades [feminine, participle, past, plural], esperono [first-person, indicative, present, singular], esperones [indicative, present, second-person, singular], esperona [indicative, present, singular, third-person], esperonem [first-person, indicative, plural, present], esperoneu [indicative, plural, present, second-person], esperonen [indicative, plural, present, third-person], esperonava [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], esperonaves [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], esperonava [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], esperonàvem [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], esperonàveu [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], esperonaven [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], esperonaré [first-person, future, indicative, singular], esperonaràs [future, indicative, second-person, singular], esperonarà [future, indicative, singular, third-person], esperonarem [first-person, future, indicative, plural], esperonareu [future, indicative, plural, second-person], esperonaran [future, indicative, plural, third-person], esperoní [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], esperonares [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], esperonà [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], esperonàrem [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], esperonàreu [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], esperonaren [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], esperonaria [conditional, first-person, indicative, singular], esperonaries [conditional, indicative, second-person, singular], esperonaria [conditional, indicative, singular, third-person], esperonaríem [conditional, first-person, indicative, plural], esperonaríeu [conditional, indicative, plural, second-person], esperonarien [conditional, indicative, plural, third-person], esperoni [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], esperonis [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], esperoni [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], esperonem [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], esperoneu [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], esperonin [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], esperonés [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], esperonessis [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], esperonés [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], esperonéssim [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], esperonéssiu [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], esperonessin [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], esperona [imperative, second-person], esperoni [formal, imperative, second-person-semantically, singular], esperonem [first-person, imperative, plural], esperoneu [imperative, plural, second-person], esperonin [formal, imperative, plural, second-person-semantically], no esperonis [imperative, negative, second-person], no esperoni [formal, imperative, negative, second-person-semantically, singular], no esperonem [first-person, imperative, negative, plural], no esperoneu [imperative, negative, plural, second-person], no esperonin [formal, imperative, negative, plural, second-person-semantically]
  1. (transitive) to spur Tags: Balearic, Central, Northern, Northwestern, Valencia, transitive Synonyms: esperonejar
    Sense id: en-esperonar-ca-verb-30RSooir
  2. (transitive, figurative) to spur on, to prod Tags: Balearic, Central, Northern, Northwestern, Valencia, figuratively, transitive Synonyms: animar, incitar, estimular
    Sense id: en-esperonar-ca-verb-lQGu9f~6 Categories (other): Catalan entries referencing ambiguous etymons, Catalan entries referencing missing etymons, Catalan entries with etymon, Catalan entries with incorrect language header, Catalan terms suffixed with -ar, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Catalan entries referencing ambiguous etymons: 7 93 Disambiguation of Catalan entries referencing missing etymons: 7 93 Disambiguation of Catalan entries with etymon: 0 100 Disambiguation of Catalan entries with incorrect language header: 6 94 Disambiguation of Catalan terms suffixed with -ar: 28 72 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 9 91 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 4 96 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 97 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 9 91
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: esperonador, esperonament

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "esperonador"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "esperonament"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "esperó",
      "esperó#Catalan"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Catalan"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "esperó",
        "4": "-ar"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "esperó",
        "3": "-ar"
      },
      "expansion": "esperó + -ar",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From esperó + -ar.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "esperonar",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "root stress:",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "/o/",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperono",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoní",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonat",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ca-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonats",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonades",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperones",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoneu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonava",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaves",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonava",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonàvem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonàveu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaven",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaré",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaràs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonarà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonarem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonareu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaran",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoní",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonares",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonàrem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonàreu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaries",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaríem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaríeu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonarien",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoneu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonés",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonessis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonés",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonéssim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonéssiu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonessin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoneu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperonis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperonem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperoneu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperonin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "root": "ó"
      },
      "expansion": "esperonar (first-person singular present esperono, first-person singular preterite esperoní, past participle esperonat); root stress: (Northern) /u/; (Balearic, Central, Northwestern, Valencia) /o/",
      "name": "ca-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ca-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to spur"
      ],
      "id": "en-esperonar-ca-verb-30RSooir",
      "links": [
        [
          "spur",
          "spur"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to spur"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "esperonejar"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Northern",
        "Northwestern",
        "Valencia",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries referencing missing etymons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 94",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 72",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan terms suffixed with -ar",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 96",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spur on, to prod"
      ],
      "id": "en-esperonar-ca-verb-lQGu9f~6",
      "links": [
        [
          "spur on",
          "spur on"
        ],
        [
          "prod",
          "prod"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) to spur on, to prod"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "animar"
        },
        {
          "word": "incitar"
        },
        {
          "word": "estimular"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Northern",
        "Northwestern",
        "Valencia",
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[əs.pə.ɾuˈna]",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[əs.pə.ɾoˈna]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es.pe.ɾoˈnaɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es.pe.ɾoˈna]",
      "tags": [
        "Northwestern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-esperonar.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-esperonar.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-esperonar.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Barcelona",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-esperonar.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-esperonar.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "esperonar"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Catalan entries referencing ambiguous etymons",
    "Catalan entries referencing missing etymons",
    "Catalan entries with etymon",
    "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
    "Catalan first conjugation verbs",
    "Catalan lemmas",
    "Catalan terms suffixed with -ar",
    "Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Catalan verbs",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "esperonador"
    },
    {
      "word": "esperonament"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "esperó",
      "esperó#Catalan"
    ],
    [
      "-ar",
      "-ar#Catalan"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "esperó",
        "4": "-ar"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "esperó",
        "3": "-ar"
      },
      "expansion": "esperó + -ar",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From esperó + -ar.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "esperonar",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "root stress:",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "/o/",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperono",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoní",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonat",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ca-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonada",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonats",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonades",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperono",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperones",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoneu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonava",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaves",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonava",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonàvem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonàveu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaven",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaré",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaràs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonarà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonarem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonareu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaran",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoní",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonares",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonàrem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonàreu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaries",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaríem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonaríeu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonarien",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoneu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonés",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonessis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonés",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonéssim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonéssiu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonessin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperona",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperoneu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esperonin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperonis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperonem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperoneu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no esperonin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "root": "ó"
      },
      "expansion": "esperonar (first-person singular present esperono, first-person singular preterite esperoní, past participle esperonat); root stress: (Northern) /u/; (Balearic, Central, Northwestern, Valencia) /o/",
      "name": "ca-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ca-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Catalan transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spur"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spur",
          "spur"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to spur"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "esperonejar"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Northern",
        "Northwestern",
        "Valencia",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Catalan transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spur on, to prod"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spur on",
          "spur on"
        ],
        [
          "prod",
          "prod"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) to spur on, to prod"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "animar"
        },
        {
          "word": "incitar"
        },
        {
          "word": "estimular"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Northern",
        "Northwestern",
        "Valencia",
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[əs.pə.ɾuˈna]",
      "tags": [
        "Central",
        "Northern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[əs.pə.ɾoˈna]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es.pe.ɾoˈnaɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[es.pe.ɾoˈna]",
      "tags": [
        "Northwestern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-esperonar.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-esperonar.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-esperonar.wav.mp3",
      "note": "Barcelona",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-esperonar.wav/LL-Q7026_%28cat%29-Marvives-esperonar.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "esperonar"
}

Download raw JSONL data for esperonar meaning in All languages combined (9.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'root stress:' in 'esperonar (first-person singular present esperono, first-person singular preterite esperoní, past participle esperonat); root stress: (Northern) /u/; (Balearic, Central, Northwestern, Valencia) /o/'",
  "path": [
    "esperonar"
  ],
  "section": "Catalan",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "esperonar",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.